Aud Tennøy

PhD Urban and Regional Planning

Position	Chief Researcher
E-mail	ate@toi.no
Direct phone	90 03 82 20
Department	Department for Mobility
Research Area	Sustainable Urban Development and Mobility

Publication type

Profile

Tennøy has engaged with land use and transport planning and development for more than 20 years, as a planner and researcher. She is highly knowledgeable in, and has carried out research on, effects of land use and transport developments on transport, environment and society, the planning and decision-making institutions, systems and processes, as well as instruments and methods used in land use planning and transport planning.

The main research interest is strategic land use and transport planning, often under headings such as sustainable urban development, traffic reducing land use and transport development, and attractive and climate friendly cities.

Link to full CV

TØI-reports

Report.no	Title	Authors	Language	Download
2009/2024	2009/2024 Introduction of 30 km/h as general speed limit in European cities - what effects can be documented?	Aud Tennøy, Cyriac George	Norwegian	Summary, pdf Full report, in Norwegian only, pdf Sammendrag, pdf
1987/2023	1987/2023 Method for assessing indirect land-use effects of major transport measures and their consequences for traffic development and land consumption	Aud Tennøy, Oddrun Helen Hagen	Norwegian	Summary, pdf Full report, in Norwegian only, pdf Sammendrag, pdf
1978/2023	1978/2023 City centre use and appreciation in seven Norwegian cities - Surveys	Oddrun Helen Hagen, Aud Tennøy	Norwegian	Summary, pdf Full report, in Norwegian only, pdf Sammendrag, pdf
1906/2022	1906/2022 Land use in Urban Growth Agreements: Experiences from the Trondheim, Bergen and North-Jæren urban regions	Aud Tennøy, Gro Sandkjær Hanssen, Einar Leknes	Norwegian	Summary Full report - in Norwegian only Sammendrag
1890/2022	1890/2022 Effects of reduced speed and reduced road capacity in Trondheimsveien between Grorud and Sinsen: Analysis based on previous experiences in Oslo	Aud Tennøy	Norwegian	Summary - in Norwegian only Full report - in Norwegian only
1860/2021	1860/2021 Public transport and urban development: Improving public transport competitiveness versus the private car in small and medium-sized cities	Aud Tennøy, Eva-Gurine Skartland, Marianne Knapskog, Frants Gundersen, Fitwi Wolday	Norwegian	Summary Full report, revised Sammendrag
1854/2021	1854/2021 Quality assessment of the method “Potential for sustainable travel choices”	Aud Tennøy, Fitwi Wolday	Norwegian	Summary - in Norwegian only Full report - in Norwegian only
1839A/2021	1839A/2021 Characteristics of walking strategies affecting their usefulness and effect: Studies of walking strategies in Haugesund, Trondheim, and Ås	Marianne Knapskog, Sebastian Peters, Aud Tennøy	English	Summary Full report, pdf
1839/2021	1839/2021 Characteristics of walking strategies affecting their usefulness and effect: Studies of walking strategies in Haugesund, Trondheim, and Ås	Marianne Knapskog, Sebastian Peters, Aud Tennøy	Norwegian	Summary Hele rapporten Sammendrag
1832/2021	1832/2021 BYTRANS: Changes in the metro system – adaptations, effects, and consequences	Nils Fearnley, Eva-Gurine Skartland, Aud Tennøy	Norwegian	Summary Full report - in Norwegian only Sammendrag
1830/2021	1830/2021 BYTRANS: Large changes in the Oslo transport system – what have we learnt?	Aud Tennøy, Oddrun Helen Hagen	Norwegian	Summary Full report - in Norwegian only Exhibit - in Norwegian only Sammendrag
1829/2021	1829/2021 The land use dimension in urban growth agreements: Case Trondheim area	Aud Tennøy, Anders Tønnesen, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt	Norwegian	Summary Full report - in Norwegian only Sammendrag
1765/2020	1765/2020 BYTRANS: Changes in the City Centre of Oslo 2017-2019; Effects and Consequences for Commuters, City-centre Users, City-centre Attractiveness, and for Delivery Drivers	Oddrun Helen Hagen, Elise Caspersen, Iratxe Landa-Mata, Aud Tennøy, Tale Ørving	Norwegian	Summary The report without exhibits - in Norwegian only Exhibits - in Norwegian only Sammendrag
1763/2020	1763/2020 BYTRANS: Effects and consequences of capacity reduction in the Smestad tunnel. Final report	Aud Tennøy, Elise Caspersen, Oddrun Helen Hagen, Iratxe Landa-Mata, Susanne Nordbakke, Kåre H. Skollerud, Anders Tønnesen, Jørgen Aarhaug	Norwegian	Summary The report without exhibits - in Norwegian only Exhibits - in Norwegian only Sammendrag
1754/2020	1754/2020 BYTRANS: Effects and consequences of capacity reduction in the Bryn tunnel. End report	Aud Tennøy, Elise Caspersen, Oddrun Helen Hagen, Iratxe Landa-Mata, Susanne Nordbakke, Kåre H. Skollerud, Anders Tønnesen, Tale Ørving, Jørgen Aarhaug	Norwegian	Summary Full report - in Norwegian only Sammendrag
1753/2020	1753/2020 Report from the ByBy Seminar 2019	Aud Tennøy	Norwegian	Hele rapporten
1736/2019	1736/2019 Bicycle planning in three nordic cities	Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt, Oddrun Helen Hagen, Aud Tennøy	Norwegian	Hele rapporten Sammendrag
1733/2019	1733/2019 BYTRANS: Effects and consequences of capacity reduction in the Bryn tunnel Documentation report	Aud Tennøy, Elise Caspersen, Oddrun Helen Hagen, Iratxe Landa-Mata, Susanne Nordbakke, Kåre H. Skollerud, Anders Tønnesen, Tale Ørving, Jørgen Aarhaug	Norwegian	Full report - in Norwegian only Sammendrag
1694/2019	1694/2019 BYTRANS: Information work in relation to the rehabilitation of Østensjø metro, the Smestad- and Bryn tunnel	Anders Tønnesen, Oddrun Helen Hagen, Jan U Hanssen, Aud Tennøy, Nils Fearnley, Eva-Gurine Skartland	Norwegian	Summary Hele rapporten Sammendrag
1688/2019	1688/2019 Knowledge base for walking strategies	Oddrun Helen Hagen, Aud Tennøy, Marianne Knapskog	Norwegian	Hele rapporten Sammendrag
1626/2018	1626/2018 Effects of central and non-central localization of railway stations	Aud Tennøy, Maja Karoline Rynning	Norwegian	Summary - in Norwegian only Full report - in Norwegian only
1612/2017	1612/2017 Knowledge and means for urban development and densification	Oddrun Helen Hagen, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt, Aud Tennøy	Norwegian	Hele rapporten Sammendrag
1594/2017	1594/2017 Systematic, knowledge-based and transparent planning analyses	Aud Tennøy, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt, Oddrun Helen Hagen	Norwegian	Summary Full report - in Norwegian only Sammendrag
1593A/2017	1593A/2017 Knowledge base: Land use- and transport development for climate-friendly and attractive cities	Aud Tennøy, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt, Anders Tønnesen, Oddrun Helen Hagen	Norwegian	Hele rapporten
1576/2017	1576/2017 Localisation of national public sector enterprises – where and why?	Aud Tennøy, Marianne Knapskog, Frants Gundersen, Oddrun Helen Hagen, Eva-Gurine Skartland, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt	Norwegian	Summary Hele rapporten Sammendrag
1575/2017	1575/2017 Effects on traffic and emissions of densification in nodes in Bergen, Kristiansand and Oslo	Aud Tennøy, Frants Gundersen, Oddrun Helen Hagen, Marianne Knapskog, Tanu Priya Uteng	Norwegian	Summary Full report - in Norwegian only Sammendrag
1566/2017	1566/2017 Effects and consequences of capacity reduction in the Bryn tunnel - per 2016	Aud Tennøy, Elise Caspersen, Oddrun Helen Hagen, Per Andreas Langeland, Iratxe Landa-Mata, Susanne Nordbakke, Kåre H. Skollerud, Anders Tønnesen, Christian Weber, Tale Ørving, Jørgen Aarhaug	Norwegian	Summary Full report - in Norwegian only Sammendrag
1530/2016	1530/2016 How to design self-sufficient residential satellites with low car dependency?	Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt, Anders Tønnesen, Aud Tennøy	Norwegian	Summary Hele rapporten Sammendrag
1528/2016	1528/2016 City development, infrastructure and industries in the Oslo region – a competitive and sustainable city region	Ove Langeland, Frants Gundersen, Leo Grünfeld, Rasmus Bøgh Holmen, Anja Fleten Nielsen, Aud Tennøy, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt	Norwegian	Hele rapporten Sammendrag
1455/2015	1455/2015 Pilot studies: Before- and underway studies of the Østensjø subway line and the Smestad tunnel	Aud Tennøy, Paal Brevik Wangsness, Jørgen Aarhaug, Fredrik Alexander Gregersen, Nils Fearnley	Norwegian	Sammendrag Hele rapporten
1415/2015	1415/2015 Evaluation of models and methods for analyzing the interaction between land-use, infrastructure and traffic demand in urban areas	Bjørn Gjerde Johansen, Wiljar Hansen, Aud Tennøy	Norwegian	Summary Hele rapporten Sammendrag
1400/2015	1400/2015 Knowledge status - Retail, accessibility and urban environment in city centers	Aud Tennøy, Anders Tønnesen, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt	Norwegian	Hele rapporten Sammendrag
1366/2014	1366/2014 Which kinds of P&R can contribute to reduced greenhouse gas emissions?	Jan U Hanssen, Aud Tennøy, Petter Christiansen, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt	Norwegian	Summary Parkeringsveiledning for kommunene Hele rapporten Sammendrag
1334/2014	1334/2014 What can be done to make city centres more attractive locations for retail and service?	Aud Tennøy, Odd Midtskog, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt, Njål Nore	Norwegian	Summary Hele rapporten Sammendrag
1322/2014	1322/2014 Analyses of three scenarios for spatial development in Haugesund	Aud Tennøy, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt, Njål Nore	Norwegian	Summary Hele rapporten Sammendrag
1302/2014	1302/2014 Remarks to retail analysis for Larvik	Aud Tennøy	Norwegian	Hele rapporten
1285/2013	1285/2013 Environmental effects of central nodal point developments	Aud Tennøy, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt, Jørgen Aarhaug	Norwegian	Summary Hele rapporten Sammendrag
1265/2013	1265/2013 Walking strategy for older citizens - knowledge base for planning in Kristiansand	Randi Hjorthol, Julie Runde Krogstad, Aud Tennøy	Norwegian	Summary Hele rapporten Sammendrag
1260/2013	1260/2013 Evaluating standards and practices for facilitating visually impaired people’s mobility in the built environment	Aud Tennøy, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt, Nils Fearnley, Bryan Matthews	Norwegian	Summary Rapport Sammendrag
1219/2012	1219/2012 Overall centre structure and location of commerce and industry in Malvik; Norway	Aud Tennøy, Petter Christiansen, Jan U Hanssen, Liva Vågane	Norwegian	Hele rapporten Sammendrag
1204/2012	1204/2012 Consequences for individuals and households of traffic-reducing measures - Knowledge, knowledge gaps and research needs	Aud Tennøy, Petter Christiansen, Jan U Hanssen	Norwegian	Summary Hele rapporten Sammendrag
1071/2010	1071/2010 Retail planning in Norwegian municipalities	Aud Tennøy, Tanja Loftsgarden, Jan U Hanssen, Arvid Strand	Norwegian	Hele rapporten Sammedrag
1030/2009	1030/2009 Auditing in Oppland County of Norway. How paragraphs on land use and public transport in the Climate and Energy Plan are followed up	Arvid Strand, Tanja Loftsgarden, Aud Tennøy	Norwegian	Hele rapporten
1027/2009	1027/2009 Does road improvement decrease greenhouse gas emissions?	Arvid Strand, Petter Næss, Aud Tennøy, Christian Steinsland	Norwegian	Summary Hele rapporten Sammendrag
1020/2009	1020/2009 Knowledge base for development of land use and transport systems in the Buskerud conurbation 2025 and 2050	Aud Tennøy, Annelene Holden Hoff, Tanja Loftsgarden, Jan U Hanssen	Norwegian	Hele rapporten Sammendrag
997/2008	997/2008 Travel survey among employees in the CIENS-institutes before and after relocation to Forskningsparken	Aud Tennøy, Mike Lowry	Norwegian	Summary Hele rapporten Sammendrag
971/2008	971/2008 Impact analyses of the revised county level plan for coordinated environment, land use and transport in the Hamar region	Arvid Strand, Jan U Hanssen, Tore Leite, Gustav Nielsen, Aud Tennøy	Norwegian	Hele rapporten
952/2008	952/2008 Accessible public transport. A view of Europe today - policies, laws and guidelines	Aud Tennøy, Merethe Dotterud Leiren	English	Summary Full report Sammendrag
936/2007	936/2007 Feasibility study of new expansion directions in Kongsberg. Analysis of transport consequences.	Arvid Strand, Petter Næss, Aud Tennøy	Norwegian	Hele rapporten
929/2007	929/2007 Evaluation traditions and criteria in the transport sector	Oddgeir Osland, Merethe Dotterud Leiren, Annelene Holden Hoff, Aud Tennøy, Sverre Strand	Norwegian	Summary Hele rapporten Sammendrag
926/2007	926/2007 Policies, legal frameworks and other means for improving accessibility of public transport systems in the Nordic countries	Aud Tennøy, Jan U Hanssen	English	Summary Full report

Academic articles

Title	Authors	Publication
Capacity reduction on urban main roads: How truck drivers adapted, and what effects and consequences they experienced	Elise Caspersen, Tale Ørving, Aud Tennøy	Transport Policy, 2022, 130(January 2023):68-83
Patronage effects of changes to local public transport services in smaller cities	Aud Tennøy	Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2022, 106(May 2022, article no. 103276):1-14
Urban structure and sustainable modes’ competitiveness in small and medium-sized Norwegian cities	Aud Tennøy, Frants Gundersen, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt	Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2022, 105(April 2022):1-25
Walking distances to public transport in smaller and larger Norwegian cities	Aud Tennøy, Marianne Knapskog, Fitwi Wolday	Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2022, 103(February 2022):1-20
Public transport strategy: Minimal service vs. competitor to the car	Cecília Silva, Catarina Cadima, Nayanne Castro, Aud Tennøy	Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2021, 14(1):1275-1294
Street-space reallocation in the Oslo city center: Adaptations, effects, and consequences	Oddrun Helen Hagen, Aud Tennøy	Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2021, 97(August 2021):25
Urban main road capacity reduction: Adaptations, effects and consequences	Aud Tennøy, Oddrun Helen Hagen	Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2021, 96(July 2021):1-21
Use of public information for road-capacity reductions: a study of mediating strategies during tunnel rehabilitations in Oslo	Anders Tønnesen, Oddrun Helen Hagen, Aud Tennøy	Transportation, 2020, :24
Net CO2-emission effects of relocating freight facilities to free up land for urban development in central and semi-central urban areas	Aud Tennøy, Daniel Ruben Pinchasik, Frants Gundersen, Inger Beate Hovi	Cities, 2020, 101(June 2020, 102702):11
Exploring ways of measuring walkability	Marianne Knapskog, Oddrun Helen Hagen, Aud Tennøy, Maja Karoline Rynning	Transportation Research Procedia, 2019, 41:264-282
Developing a tool for assessing park-and-ride facilities in a sustainable mobility perspective	Aud Tennøy, Jan U Hanssen, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt	Urban, Planning and Transport Research, 2019, 8(1):1-23
Effects of urban road capacity expansion – Experiences from two Norwegian cases	Aud Tennøy, Anders Tønnesen, Frants Gundersen	Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2019, 69(April):90-106
Environmental and transport effects of warehouse relocationing: evidence from Norway	Daniel Ruben Pinchasik, Inger Beate Hovi, Paal Brevik Wangsness, Aud Tennøy	Transportation Planning and Technology, 2019, 42(1):37-55
Exploring how politicians reflect on counteracting measures: the case of the Trondheim package	Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt, Aud Tennøy	Applied Mobilities, 2018, 1(1):16
The Impact of Changed Structural Conditions on Regional Sustainable Mobility Planning in Norway	Aud Tennøy, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt	Planning Theory & Practice, 2018, 19(1):22
Experiences with Capacity Reductions on Urban Main Roads – Rethinking Allocation of Urban Road Capacity?	Aud Tennøy, Paal Brevik Wangsness, Jørgen Aarhaug, Fredrik Alexander Gregersen	Transportation Research Procedia, 2016, 19:4-17
Three performativities of innovation in public transport planning	Enza Lissandrello, Robert Hrelja, Aud Tennøy, Tim Richardson	International Planning Studies, 2016, 0:1-15
How planners' use and non-use of expert knowledge affect the goal achievment potential of plans: Experiences from strategic land-use and transport planning processes in three Scandinavian cities	Aud Tennøy, Lisa Hansson, Enza Lissandrello, Petter Næss	Progress in Planning, 2015, 109:1-32
Improving walking conditions for older adults. A three-step method investigation	Julie Runde Krogstad, Randi Hjorthol, Aud Tennøy	European Journal of Ageing Social, Behavioural and Health Perspectives, 2015, 12(3):249-260
Standards for usable and safe environments for sight impaired	Aud Tennøy, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt, Nils Fearnley, Bryan Matthews	Municipal Engineer, 2015, 168(1):24 –31
Transport effects and environmental consequences of central workplace location	Aud Tennøy, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt, Jørgen Aarhaug	Transportation Research Procedia, 2014, 1(4):14-24
Why we fail to reduce urban road traffic volumes: Does it matter how planners frame the problem?	Aud Tennøy	Transport Policy, 2010, 17(4):216-233
Why we fail to reduce urban road traffic volumes: The challenge of double complexity	Aud Tennøy	Kart og Plan, 2009, (1):27-36
Uncertainty in environmental impact assessment predictions - the need for better communication and more transparency.	Aud Tennøy, Jens Kværner, Karl Idar Gjerstad	Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 2006, 24(1):45-56

Title	Authors	Publication
The Paradox of Building More Roads when Aiming to Reduce Traffic	Aud Tennøy	Tvergastein, 2016, (7):24-33
Better roads increase emissions	Arvid Strand, Petter Næss, Aud Tennøy	Transport Business International, 2010, (13):?

Academic books/ chapters, etc.

Title	Authors	Publication
The Effects of Urban Road Capacity Expansions	Anders Tønnesen, Aud Tennøy, Frants Gundersen	I: European Transport Conference, Barcelona, 5th – 7th October 2017BarcelonaAssociation for European Transport , 2016
How can P&R facilities contribute to reduced emissions of greenhouse gases?	Jan U Hanssen, Aud Tennøy, Petter Christiansen, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt	I: European Transport Conference, Barcelona, 5th – 7th October 2016BarcelonaAssociation for European Transport , 2016
How and why planners make traffic-increasing plans – and what could be done to change the situation	Aud Tennøy	I: mobil.TUM 2012 - International Scientific Conference on Mobility and Transport. Munich, Germany, 19th - 20th March 2012MünchenTechnische Universität München , 2013
How and why planners make plan which, if implemented. Cause growth in traffic volumes. Explanations related to the expert knowledge, the planners and the plan-making processes.	Aud Tennøy	Ås: Universitetet for miljø- og biovitenskap/ University of Life Sciences , 2012
Methods for a joint consideration of indicators	P. Waeger, E. Calderon, R. Arce, N Kunicina, R. Joumard, J.P. Nicolas, Farideh Ramjerdi, M. Ruzicka, G. Arapis, S. Mancebo Quintana, E. Ortega Pérez, Aud Tennøy	I: Robert Joumard, Henrik Gudmundsson (eds):Indicators of environmental sustainability in transport: an interdisciplinary approach to methods. (INRETS report, Recherches R282), s. Bron, Francethe French National Institute for Transport and Safety , 2010
Criteria and methods for indicator assessment and selection	H. Gudmundsson, R. Joumard, Aud Tennøy	I: Robert Joumard, Henrik Gudmundsson (eds):Indicators of environmental sustainability in transport: an interdisciplinary approach to methods. (INRETS report Recherches R282), s. Bron, Francethe French National Institute for Transport and Safety , 2010
The dimensions and context of transport decision making	T. Fischer, H. Dalkmann, Mike Lowry, Aud Tennøy	I: Robert Joumard, Henrik Gudmundsson (eds):Indicators of environmental sustainability in transport: an interdisciplinary approach to methods (INRETS report Recherches R282), s. Bron, Francethe French National Institute for Transport and Safety , 2010
Indicators and their functions	H. Gudmundsson, R. Joumard, R. Aschemann, Aud Tennøy	I: Robert Joumard and Henrik Gudmundsson (eds):Indicators of environmental sustainability in transport: an interdisciplinary approach to methods, s. Bron Francethe French National Institute for Transport and Safety , 2010
Consequences of EIA Prediction Uncertainty on Mitigation, Follow-Up and Post-Auditing	Aud Tennøy	I: Schmidt, M.; Glasson, J.; Emmelin, L.; Helbron, H. (Eds.):Standards and Thresholds for Impact Assessment, s. Springer , 2008

Other reports, books, papers etc.

Title	Authors	Publication
Reallocation of Road and Street Space in Oslo: Measures for Zero Growth in Urban Traffic; Discussion Paper	Aud Tennøy, Oddrun Helen Hagen	Paris: OECD , 2020
Car free city centers – utopian politics or effective city center development?	Oddrun Helen Hagen, Aud Tennøy	I: 47th European Transport Conference, Dublin, 9-11 oct 2018DublinAssociation for European Transport , 2018
The Effects of Urban Road Capacity Expansions – Experiences from Two Norwegian Cases.	Aud Tennøy	I: International Scientific Conference on Mobility and Transport, Urban Mobility - Shaping the future together, mobil.TUM 2018,MünchenTUM , 2018
Experiences with capacity reductions on urban main roads – rethinking the need for urban road capacity?	Aud Tennøy, Paal Brevik Wangsness, Jørgen Aarhaug, Fredrik Alexander Gregersen	I: The International Scientific Conference on Mobility and Transport. Transforming Urban MobilityMünchenTUM Conference , 2016
Transport effects and environmental consequences of central worplace location	Aud Tennøy, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt, Jørgen Aarhaug	I: mobil.TUM 2014 International Scientific Conference on Mobility and Transport. Sustainable Mobility in Metropolitan RegionsMunich , 2014
Searching for ways of improving usability, accessibility and safety for sight impaired people in complex transport environments	Aud Tennøy, Kjersti Visnes Øksenholt, Nils Fearnley, Bryan Matthews	I: Space-X / SEDUCE conferenceVienna , 2013
Innovations for sustainable public transport. Experiences and challenges in the Scandinavian countries	Robert Hrelja, Lisa Hansson, Tim Richardson, Tomas Svensson, Enza Lissandrello, Petter Næss, Aud Tennøy, Frode Longva	Linköping: VTI , 2013
Accessibility in planning practice.	J Keller, R. Arce, A. Condeco-Melhorado, M Mavridou, T Nordström, E Ortega, Aud Tennøy, Vasileia Trova, Angela Hull	I: Angela Hull, Cecília Silva and Luca Bertolini (eds.):Accessibility Instruments for planning practice. (Rapport 1) COCT Action - TU1002 Accessibility Instruments for Planning Practice in Europe., s. BelgiumCOST Office , 2012
Tsunami Risk Reduction Measures with Focus on Land use and Rehabilitation. Main report.	Kjell Karlsrud, Hilmar Bungum, Conrad Lindholm, Carl Harbitz, Finn Løvholt, Sylfest Glimsdal, Farrokh Nadim, Birger Heyerdahl, Aud Tennøy, Alf Tørum, bjørn Vidar Vangelsten, Oddvar Kjekstad	Oslo: Norwegian Geotechnical Institute , 2006

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