Which kinds of P&R can contribute to reduced greenhouse gas emissions?

We have studied how various properties of Park & Ride (P&R) facilities affect their effects on traffic volumes and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. If a P&R is located in an area where it stimulates urban sprawl, regional enlargement or induced traffic, it will not reduce vehicle kilometres travelled. If the P&R intercepts journeys by car close to its starting point and transfer travellers to a relatively long public transport ride, it contributes to reduce GHG emissions. This may be counteracted by increased traffic volumes if the P&R occupy a site which has an alternative use that contribute to less transport demand and traffic, or if the P&R site stimulates to car journeys replacing travelling by foot, bicycling or public transport to the station. The report provides planners and decision-makers with guidelines for analysing traffic-reducing effects of P&R in the planning and decision processes. This also includes discussions on which measures can be applied instead of constructing or expanding P&R facilities in different contexts.