Marginal external costs of port operations

This report summarizes the research project EXPORT’s studies on the external costs of port operations. The report provides an overview of external costs caused by port operations, and studies the external costs due to emissions to air, noise, dispersion of contaminated sediment, emissions to sea and ground, fatalities and injuries, and port expansion’s implications for landscape, natural environment, cultural environment, and outdoor life in more detail. Our study supplements the Norwegian current study on the external costs of maritime transport by putting more emphasis on the external costs of port operations.