Policy measures for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector – transport model calculations

This reports documents a project conducted for Norwegian transport authorities, Avinor and the Norwegian Environment Agency. The project team has calculated the effect various policy measures and instruments will have on CO2 emissions in the transport sector. The calculations show that it is difficult to achieve significant emission reductions if measures only aimed at the demand side are applied. New technologies, including electric cars and rechargeable hybrids, appear to have significantly greater potential for reducing emissions compared to measures that contribute to changes in the population's travel behavior. It is worth noting though, that increased kilometer costs for road transport, parking charges, densification by public transport nodes, cheaper public transport and combinations of these measures all contribute to lower emissions. Also for freight transport, the calculations show that strong measures are needed to achieve significant changes in the modal share.