Parking standards in Norwegian and Swedish cities. The effect on car ownership, car use and the economy of households

The parking standards for selected cities in Norway and Sweden are described. With recent revisions the standards for industries and services have in many cases become more restrictive. The standards for residential developments are aimed at providing enough parking spaces in order to satisfy the car ownership. I.e. the cities do not use parking standards in order to influence car ownership. The report also describes the summary of literature studies based on economy and planning. Few studies have reported how alternative parking provisions influences car ownership and car use in residential developments. Further studies will also describe how access to parking influences on the economy of individuals and households.