Impact of main road investments in Bergen and Oslo

The Bergen and Oslo toll rings were established in 1986 and 1990 to speed up road investments. In Bergen, the congestion problems have more or less been solved, while congestion remains unaltered in Oslo. Urban growth has contributed to a strong increase in traffic in both cities. Oslo has experienced a relatively positive public transport development, since 20 per cent of the investments have been allocated to public transport while subsidy levels have been fairly stable. In Bergen, where all investments have been reserved for road traffic and subsidy levels have decreased, there is also a strong decrease in public transport demand.