Disutility stemming from avalanche, landslide and rockslide risk

During 2024–2025, there has been a clear need for a better understanding of the benefit component “disutility stemming from avalanche, landslide and rockslide risk” in cost-benefit analysis. This refers to willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce the frequency and width of avalanches, controlled for the risk of death, severe injuries and road closures. The study finds that WTP is stable across regions and recommends using a common valuation factor nationally but distinguishes between rail and road. The discomfort can be caused by factors such as minor injuries, material damage and subjective insecurity. Double counting is considered limited. The values are considered reasonable given the correct use of data and the recommendation for linear valuation. Non-linear features are considered, but complicated to implement. The study recommends sensitivity analyses and the use of adjusted avalanche data to ensure realistic results and emphasizes that the inclusion of these disutility estimates provides more complete analyses of avalanche protection measures.