North-Norwegian coastal landscapes are changing. Some of these alterations are physical, caused by changes in climate, agricultural policy, industry and housing development. But some are less tangible, such as alterations in perceptions, resulting from transformation of local ways of life and dissemination of romantic attitudes among both tourists and locals.
This report presents estimated potential for reduced energy use and CO2 emissions per passenger and tonne kilometre from 2004 to 2050. The potential for energy efficiency improvements and reductions in CO2 emissions are highest for light vehicles.
High-risk groups are defined as younger and older car drivers, drivers of motorcycles, foreign car drivers from non-western countries, and drivers influenced by drugs or alcohol (DUI-drivers). For motorcyclists our results show significantly lower exposure and higher risk figures than in previous studies. Young riders below 18 years riding on light motorcycles are at especially high risk in road traffic.
The benefits arising from measures to improve accessibility of passengers with special needs are not limited to such passenger groups. Low-floor buses which allow for wheelchair access, for example, enable faster and easier boarding and alighting for all passengers.
A survey on the costs of logistics in Norwegian manufacturing and wholesale trade shows logistics costs that on average constitute 14.2 % of the turnover. The cost share is 16.7 % for the wholesalers and 13.7 % for the manufacturing industries.
Besøks- og postadresse: Transportøkonomisk institutt, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo - Tlf. 22 57 38 00, Faks. 22 60 92 00
E-post: toi@toi.no - Kart - Vevansvarlig: Ulla Nørgaard - Ansvarlig redaktør: Harald Aas